NOTES
[81]
The Preface fo the Pamphlet by Voinov (A. V. Lunachwrsky) on the Attitude of the Party Towards the Trade Unions was written by Lenin in November 1907. Lunacharsky's pamphlet was never published.
[p. 161]
[82]
This refers to the Mannheim Congress of the German Social-Democratic Party held September 23-29 (new style), 1906. The chief item on the agenda was the question of the mass political strike, which the German Social-Democrats, at their Jena Congress in 1905, recognized as the most important method of political struggle.
page 521
Mention was made in this connection of the trade unions, which rejected the idea of a mass political strike as being anarchistic. The Mannheim Congress did not openly condemn the opportunist position of the trade unions, but recommended all party members to join trade-union organisations, and trade-union members to join the S.D. Party "in order to infuse the spirit of Social-Democracy into the trade-union movement".
[p. 162]
[83]
Die Neue Zeit -- the theoretical journal of the German Social-Democratic Party, published in Stuttgart from 1883 to 1923. Up to October 1917 it was edited by Karl Kautsky and subsequently by Heinrich Cunow. Some of the works of Marx and Engels were first published in its columns, among them Marx's Critique of the Gotha Programme and Engels's Contribution to the Critique of the Draft Social-Democratic Programme of 1891. Engels regularly helped the editors with suggestions and advice and often criticised them for departures from Marxism. Contributors included August Bebel, Wilhelm Liebknecht, Rosa Luxemburg, Franz Mehring, Clara Zetkin, Paul Lafargue, G. V. Plekhanov, and other leading figures in the German and international labour movement of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Beginning with the late nineties, after the death of Engels, the Neue Zeit made a regular practice of publishing articles by revisionists, notably Bernstein's series "Problems of Socialism", which launched the revisionists' campaign against Marxism. During the First World War the journal adopted a Centrist stand, in effect supporting the social-chauvinists.
[p. 162]
[84]
Nozdrev -- a character from Gogol's Dead Souls, typifying a bullying landlord and cheat.
[p. 164]
[85]
Osvobozhdeniye (Emancipation ) -- a fortnightly journal published abroad from June 18 (July 1), 1902 to October 5 (18), 1905 under
the editorship of P. Struve. It was the organ of the Russian liberal bourgeoisie and expounded the ideas of moderate monarchist liberalism. In 1903, the Osvobozhdeniye League was formed around the journal, taking definite shape in January 1904 and existing until October 1905. Together with the Zemstvo constitutionalists the Osvobozhdeniye liberals formed the core of the Constitutional Democratic Party (the Cadets), which was founded in October 1905, and became the chief party of the liberal-monarchist bourgeoisie in Russia.
[p. 165]
[86]
This refers to the armed uprising of the workers against the autocracy in December 1905.
[p. 167]